WEDNESDAY · 23 SEPTEMBER 2026 · SOUTH AFRICAPublic records, projects and institutions
CLCIVIC LEDGERSouth Africa’s public economy, documented.
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Public Finance

Public Finance

Municipal budgets, capital programmes and the path from allocation to delivery. Civic Ledger separates budgeted, allocated, committed, contracted, spent and completed.

How to read public spending claims

Terms are not interchangeable
Budgeted
An amount included in an adopted budget or medium-term plan.
Allocated
A budget amount assigned to a programme, service or project. It is not automatically contracted or spent.
Approved
A formal decision has authorised a proposal or transaction at the stated decision stage.
Committed
A source reports a commitment. It is not the same as cash expenditure.
Contracted
A signed or otherwise concluded contract is evidenced by an official record.
Spent
Expenditure is recorded as paid or incurred in a financial report.
Completed
An institution reports delivery or completion; completion certificates may be separate records.

Budget and finance reporting

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Public Finance · Analysis

eThekwini council record lists R2.1bn wastewater PPP and R1.1bn aqueduct

A council decisions record lists two regional wastewater works for PPP delivery at a reported R2.1bn and the Southern Aqueduct at about R1.1bn. Those programme figures do not, by themselves, prove that the full amounts have been contracted or spent.

Primary sources

Original records